Crazyflie 2.0

The Crazyflie line of micro quads was created by Bitcraze AB. An overview of the Crazyflie 2 (CF2) can be found here.

Quick Summary

The main hardware documentation is here: https://wiki.bitcraze.io/projects:crazyflie2:index

• Main System-on-Chip: STM32F405RG
  • CPU: 168 MHz ARM Cortex M4 with single-precision FPU
  • RAM: 192 KB SRAM
• nRF51822 radio and power management MCU
• MPU9250 Accel / Gyro / Mag
• LPS25H barometer

Where to Buy

• Crazyflie 2.0
• Crazyradio PA 2.4 GHz USB dongle: used for wireless communication between QGroundControl (QGC) and CF2.
• Breakout deck: breakout expansion board for connecting new peripherals.
• Flow deck: contains an optical flow sensor to measure movements of the ground and a distance sensor to measure the distance to the ground. This will be useful for precise altitude and position control.
• Z-ranger deck has the same distance sensor as the Flow deck to measure the distance to the ground. This will be useful for precise altitude control.
• SD-card deck: used for high speed onboard logging to a micro SD card.
• Logitech Joystick

Flashing PX4

After setting up the PX4 development environment, follow these steps to put the PX4 software on the CF2:

1. Grab source code of the PX4 Bootloader
2. Compile it using:

   make crazyflie_bl
   

3. Put the CF2 into DFU mode by following these steps:
   • Ensure it is initially unpowered.
   • Hold down button.
   • Plug into computer's USB port.
   • After a second, the blue LED should start blinking and after 5 seconds should start blinking faster.
   • Release button.
4. Flash bootloader using dfu-util and unplug CF2 when done:

   sudo dfu-util -d 0483:df11 -a 0 -s 0x08000000 -D ./build/crazyflie_bl/crazyflie_bl.bin
   

   If successful, then the yellow LED should blink when plugging in again
5. Grab the Firmware
6. Compile it using:

   make crazyflie_default upload
   

7. When prompted to plug in device, plug in CF2. The yellow LED should start blinking indicating bootloader mode. Then the red LED should turn on indicating that the flashing process has started.
8. Wait for completion.
9. Done! Calibrate via QGC.

If QGC does not connect with the vehicle, ensure that in nuttx-config for crazyflie # CONFIG_DEV_LOWCONSOLE is not set is replaced by CONFIG_DEV_LOWCONSOLE=y

Wireless Setup Instructions

The onboard nRF module allows connecting to the board via Bluetooth or through the proprietary 2.4GHz Nordic ESB protocol.

• A Crazyradio PA is recommended.
• To fly the CF2 right away, the Crazyflie phone app is supported via Bluetooth

Using the official Bitcraze Crazyflie phone app:

• Connect via Bluetooth
• Change mode in settings to 1 or 2
• Calibrate via QGC

Connecting via MAVLink:

• Use a Crazyradio PA alongside a compatible GCS
• Clone the crazyflie-lib-python

We will use cfbridge.py to setup a wireless MAVlink communication link between CF2 (flashed with PX4) and QGC. Cfbridge enables QGC to communicate with the crazyradio PA.

The C based cfbridge is currently experiencing data loss issues, which is why we have chosen to use cfbridge.py.

• Make sure you have set the udev permissions to use the USB Radio. To do this, follow the steps listed here and restart your computer.
• Connect a Crazyradio PA via USB.
• Build a virtualenv (local python environment) with package dependencies using one of the following methods:

Method 1: For systems that support make, follow this alternative:

• pip install tox
• Navigate to the crazyflie-lib-python folder.
• make venv
• Activate the virtual environment: source venv-cflib/bin/activate

Method 2:

• Enter the following:

  pip install virtualenv
  pip install tox
  

• Navigate to the crazyflie-lib-python folder.
• pip install -e .
• Create the virtual environment
  • Linux: virtualenv venv
  • MacOS: python -m virtualenv venv
• Activate the virtual environment:

  source venv/bin/activate
  

• Install required dependencies:

  pip install -r requirements.txt
  

To connect crazyflie with crazyradio, launch cfbridge by following these steps:

• Switch on CF2 (which is already flashed with PX4 firmware) by pressing its ON button and wait for it to boot up.
• Connect a Crazyradio PA via USB.
• Navigate to the crazyflie-lib-python folder.
• Activate the environment: source venv-cflib/bin/activate or source venv/bin/activate depending on the name of the venv folder you have.
• cd examples
• Launch cfbridge: python cfbridge.py

  Cfbridge by default tries to initiate the radio link communication on channel 80 and with crazyflie address 0xE7E7E7E7E7. If you are using multiple crazyflies and/or crazyradios in the same room and want to use a different channel and/or address for each, first connect the crazyflie with QGC via a USB cable and change the syslink parameters (channel, address) in QGC. Next, launch the cfbridge by giving the same channel and address as the first and second arguments respectively, e.g: python cfbridge.py 90 0x0202020202

• Open QGC.
• After using cfbridge, you can deactivate the virtualenv if you activated it by pressing CTRL+z. Most of the time, launching cfbridge again from the same terminal doesn't connect to crazyflie, this can be solved by closing the terminal and relaunching cfbridge in a new terminal.

If you change any driver in crazyflie-lib-python or if launching cfbridge in a new terminal does not find crazyflie, you can try navigating to the crazyflie-lib-python folder and run make venv to rebuild cflib.

To use Joystick, set COM_RC_IN_MODE in QGC to "Joystick/No RC Checks". Calibrate the Joystick and set the Joystick message frequency in QGC to any value between 5 to 14 Hz (10 Hz is recommended). This is the rate at which Joystick commands are sent from QGC to CF2. (To do this, you will need to follow the instructions here to obtain the latest QGC source code (master) and build it.)

Hardware Setup

Crazyflie is able to fly with precise control in Stabilized mode, Altitude mode and Position mode.

• You will need the Z-ranger deck to fly in Altitude mode. If you also want to fly in the Position mode, it is recommended you buy the Flow deck which also has the integrated Z-ranger sensor.
• The onboard barometer is highly susceptible to any external wind disturbances including those created by CF2's own propellers. Hence, we isolated the barometer with a piece of foam, and then mounted the distance sensor on top of it as shown below:

In order to log flight details, you can mount SD card deck on top of crazyflie as shown below:

Then, you need to stick the battery on top of the SD card deck using a double sided tape:

Adjust Parameters

Altitude Control

Crazyflie is able to fly in Altitude mode if you use a Z-ranger deck. According to the datasheet, the maximum height (above ground) the range finder can sense is 2 m. However, when tested on dark surfaces this value decreases to 0.5 m. On a light floor, it goes up to max 1.3 m. This means you cannot hold altitudes above this value in Altitude or Position flight modes.

If the CF2 height drifts at mid-throttle command in Altitude mode or Position mode, first try rebooting the vehicle. If this does not fix the problem, recalibrate the accel and mag (compass).

Since the onboard barometer is highly susceptible to wind disturbances created by the CF2's own propellers, you cannot rely on it to hold altitude.

Position Control

With Flow deck, you can fly CF2 in Position mode. Unlike PX4flow, the flow deck does not house a gyro, hence the onboard gyro is used for flow fusion to find the local position estimates. Moreover, the flow deck shares the same SPI bus as the SD card deck, therefore logging at high rate on SD card is not recommended when flying in Position mode.

A ulog for flight in Position mode is available here. This can be used as a reference to compare your flight performance.

Using FrSky Taranis RC Transmitter as Joystick

If you already own a Taranis RC transmitter and want to use it as a controller, it can be configured as a USB Joystick:

• Create a new model in Taranis.

  

• In MODEL SETUP menu page, turn off both internal and external TX modules.

  

• In OUTPUTS menu page (also called “SERVOS” page in some Taranis transmitters), invert Throttle (CH1) and Aileron (CH3).

  

To use Taranis switches to arm/disarm and switch to different flight modes:

• In Taranis UI MIXER menu page, you can assign the switches to any channel in the range channel 9-16 which map to the buttons 0-7 in the QGC Joystick setup. For example, Taranis “SD” switch can be set to channel 9 in Taranis UI:

  

• Connect Taranis to PC with a USB cable and Open QGC.

• In QGC Joystick Setup, you can see the buttons turning yellow when you switch them on. For example, channel 9 in Taranis maps to button 0 in QGC Joystick setup. You can assign any mode to this button e.g. Altitude mode. Now when you lower the switch "SD", flight mode will change to Altitude.

  

ROS

To connect to CF2 via MAVROS:

• Start up cfbridge using the above instructions.
• Change the UDP port QGC listens to:
  • In QGC, navigate to Application Settings > General and uncheck all the boxes under Autoconnect to the following devices.
  • Add in Comm Links a link of type UDP, check the Automatically Connect on Start option, change the Listening Port to 14557, add Target Hosts: 127.0.0.1 and then press OK.
• Make sure you have MAVROS installed.
• Start MAVROS with command:

  roslaunch mavros px4.launch fcu_url:="udp://:[email protected]:14551" gcs_url:="udp://@127.0.0.1:14557"
  

• Restart QGC if it doesn't connect.

Flying